# Tesamorelin References: The Cited Studies and Sources

> Tesamorelin references — the full citation register behind this digest: the pivotal NEJM and AIDS trials, the JAMA and Lancet HIV trials, the 2024-2026 studies, LiverTox and the PK modeling.

Every quantitative claim on this site resolves to one of these entries.

## The citation register

These are the tesamorelin references behind this digest. Each [N] marker across the site resolves to a numbered entry here, with DOI or PubMed/PMC link where available. The register spans the pivotal Phase 3 trials, the JAMA and Lancet HIV imaging trials, the 2024-2026 studies that carry the recent-research lens, the NIH LiverTox monograph, and the population-PK modeling. Where a claim is quantitative — a percentage, a dose, a clearance, a P-value — it is traced to one of these sources. The full list of [cited references](/references) follows.

## References

[1] Falutz J, Allas S, Blot K, Potvin D, Kotler D, Somero M, Berger D, et al. Metabolic effects of a growth hormone-releasing factor in patients with HIV. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(23):2359-2370. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18057338/
[2] Falutz J, Allas S, Mamputu JC, Potvin D, Kotler D, Somero M, Berger D, Brown S, Richmond G, Fessel J, Turner R, Grinspoon S. Long-term safety and effects of tesamorelin, a growth hormone-releasing factor analogue, in HIV patients with abdominal fat accumulation. AIDS. 2008;22(14):1719-1728. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18690162/
[3] Tesamorelin: chemical and pharmacologic profile — a synthetic GHRH(1-44) analogue with an N-terminal trans-3-hexenoyl modification conferring DPP-IV resistance (CAS 218949-48-5; FDA UNII 9MM72X02HA; ATC H01AC06; MW 5135.9 Da). DrugBank DB08869. https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB08869
[4] Stanley TL, Chen CY, Branch KL, Makimura H, Grinspoon SK. Effects of a growth hormone-releasing hormone analog on endogenous GH pulsatility and insulin sensitivity in healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(1):150-158. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20943777/
[5] Tesamorelin — LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). 2018. Notes 2010 U.S. approval (NDA 022505) for HIV-associated lipodystrophy; likelihood score E; labeled contraindications (active malignancy, hypersensitivity, pregnancy). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548730/
[6] Stanley TL, Feldpausch MN, Oh J, Branch KL, Lee H, Torriani M, Grinspoon SK. Effect of tesamorelin on visceral fat and liver fat in HIV-infected patients with abdominal fat accumulation: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014;312(4):380-389. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25038357/
[7] Stanley TL, Fourman LT, Feldpausch MN, Purdy J, Zheng I, Pan CS, et al. Effects of tesamorelin on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in HIV: a randomised, double-blind, multicentre trial. Lancet HIV. 2019;6(12):e821-e830. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31611038/
[8] Badran AS, et al. Body composition, hepatic fat, metabolic, and safety outcomes of tesamorelin, a GHRH analogue, in HIV-associated lipodystrophy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41545261/
[9] Russo SC, Ockene MW, Arpante AK, Johnson JE, Lee H, Toribio M, Stanley TL, Hadigan CM, Grinspoon SK, Erlandson KM, Fourman LT. Efficacy and safety of tesamorelin in people with HIV on integrase inhibitors. AIDS. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38905488/
[10] Ellis RJ, Vaida F, Hu K, Dube MP, Henry B, Chow F, Heaton RK, Lee D, Sattler F. Effects of tesamorelin on neurocognitive impairment in persons with HIV and abdominal obesity. J Infect Dis. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39813152/
[11] Mayfield CK, et al. Injectable peptide therapy: a primer for orthopaedic and sports medicine physicians. Am J Sports Med. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41476424/
[12] Gonzalez-Sales M, et al. Population pharmacokinetic analysis of tesamorelin — apparent plasma clearance ~1,060 L/h with no clinically relevant demographic covariates and a ~13% increase in absorbed fraction by day 14 versus day 1. 2015. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25358450/
[13] Gattu AK, Fourman LT. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in people with HIV. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40397552/
[14] Yen DW, Sherman KE. Causes and outcomes of hepatic fibrosis in persons living with HIV. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2022;17:359-367. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36165079/

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A trial console on a dark field — the tesamorelin record read newest panel first, the FDA-approved-for-HIV-lipodystrophy scope flagged before any number and the off-label edge held lit; no clinic at this console and nothing here dosed, dispensed, or sold.